Nimrah - a six year old who taught me to live free essay sample

A circumstance that has affected me: An alleged tragic separation at twelve years old, some shallow companions and a home with one non-attendant parent; this was all it took for me to be exposed to one of the most awful encounters of my life: an Acute Porphyria assault. At the age of fourteen, one has quite recently entered the unforgiving universe of high school. One is totally defenseless and prepared to commit one’s own errors; not many individuals ascend from these missteps with no assistance by any stretch of the imagination. Tragically, but then luckily, I was not one of these individuals. The way that I was changing for the more regrettable didn't trouble me. The way that my body was starting to look like what my companions thought was â€Å"cool†, to the detriment of my wellbeing, didn't trouble me. The way that the horrendous agony I suffered during an assault caused my folks to endure in this way, didn't trouble me either. We will compose a custom exposition test on Nimrah a multi year old who instructed me to live or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page I had figured out how to estrange myself from any individual who might set up a mirror before me to cause me to acknowledge what a horrible individual I had become, until somebody at long last did, without acknowledging it. I was by and by in the medical clinic following an assault and, this time, was imparting the space to a multi year old young lady, Nimrah. It was in the midst of the tiredness of the agony executioners, the power of the torment and the warm dash of my mother’s hand on my brow that I originally heard her shimmering voice. She was examining the children’s story, the Little Red Riding Hood, with her mom, and by one way or another I could basically overlook all my agony and simply hear her out mother read out loud to her. I was unable to help a laugh as she amended her mother’s perusing, and grinned when I saw her enormous eyes load up with dismay as her mom read the part where the young lady meets the wolf. My brain supplies me with just obscure recollections of the time I went through with Nimrah. I recall both of us screeching with enchant one day when we had cheeseburgers for lunch, both griping about the flat clinic food. I recall her brilliant â€Å"thank-you† when I had given her a book as a present. I don't recollect that she at any point referenced her agony, yet what I do recall is a supplication that she would recount at whatever point she felt it. The main sharp and clear memory I have of that time is the point at which her dad disclosed to me that she had a mind tumor. My first response had been of stun and trouble; and the second, of disgrace. I didn't esteem the existence I had and had decided to totally disregard my wellbeing, which had brought about Porphyria. My multi year old companion, then again, who adored Little Red Riding Hood, despised clinics and appreciated life, would bite the dust in around two months. I felt embarrassed about myself and overwhelmingly disheartened by the idea that soon I would lose her. I had become profoundly appended to her and it tormented me incredibly that somebody as brilliant and kind as her needed to leave this world at such a youthful age. She kicked the bucket two months after I was released. I have never addressed anybody about her, yet once in a while when I am encircled by individuals, their voices obscuring into an unlimited sound, I close my eyes and consider Nimrah. I consider how she completely changed me and exactly how benevolent an individual she was. The Porphyria assaults have now decreased in their recurrence and force, and I currently welcome each and every gift that life brings to the table. Nimrah left the world while enduring torment and anguish, and in doing so by one way or another removed my torment with her, leaving me with satisfaction and an inspirational viewpoint towards life. Much obliged to you, Nimrah.

Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Tasks Management - Essay Example In inverse accord, British Airways is a full help aircraft model ready to give greater expense ticketing to buyers because of the quality of its image under a premiumisation model in promoting. English Airways can keep up its serious edge through operational organizing with accentuation on innovation backing, steadfastness, and excellent particularly in accordance with worker commitment with income building shoppers. The two carriers have fundamentally extraordinary operational methodologies, giving each a one of a kind upper hand originating from operational procedure improvement and execution. This report shows the one of a kind vital operational profit for speculations for the two organizations that keep on supporting these aircraft models. The operational systems of Ryanair and BA For organizations that keep up a wide and various gracefully bind arrange so as to give items and administrations, for example, British Airways, holding costs for warehousing and stock administration ar e critical. These expenses incorporate space, work backing, utilities, and even tax assessment (Heizer and Render 2004). For different acquirement models, these expenses are unavoidable as office the executives requires consumptions for help work and innovation support on receivables and expectations (Heizer and Render 2004). ... - fluctuating purchaser request in this industry that influence key arranging and operational acquirement (British Airways 2010; Anderson and Day 2009). Combined with seller provided materials expected to do its full-support model, it was not, at this point effective for British Airways to keep up decentralized obtainment procedures with items deliverable from more than 80 distinct nations. The expenses of acquirement and warehousing were including unavoidable, variable expenses into the plan of action that kept on holding onto serious cost points of interest from British Airways. Minimal effort, straightforward transporters were rising in numerous purchaser areas that had the option to refute high stock holding expenses and conveyance costs related with a different gracefully chain organize. In accordance with the expenses of acquirement, British Airways confronted an exchange off circumstance: Continue to ingest costs by working under a decentralized flexibly bind procedure to keep away from change or to support and allot capital assets to unify gracefully chain techniques and dispose of redundancies. There were large numbers of chance expenses related with the current gracefully arrange, hence the business established that execution of proper acquisition arranging programming (for this situation SAP) were important to fundamentally change the flexibly organize. The business changed its acquirement system to incorporate improvement of increasingly vital collusions with merchants, including providers during the beginning times of item and administration advancement, exploiting provider ability to help with making a commonly compensating obtainment arrange. These are fundamentally significant operational procedures for cost controls in flexibly chain techniques (Copacino 1996; Ragatz 1997). English Airways started to benchmark

Essay Topics For Middle School

Essay Topics For Middle SchoolThe key to writing good essays is to choose essay topics that are specific to your age group. You have to be willing to write about something specific, and writing based on what you know best will make your project more enjoyable and, of course, easier to write. It is also important to write about an aspect of your own life or that of someone else's.Many middle school students think that the only way to learn how to write a paper is to just read one by one what they are assigned to write. The fact is that most people do not get the essay topics they are assigned to write due to the fact that they have no idea what is actually required. Make sure that when you write an essay that it is one that you are capable of writing.When you want to write an essay topic for middle school, there are many different things that you should consider. One thing that you should think about is your ability to write coherently. The reason why this is important is because if y ou cannot write coherently, you will have a difficult time presenting your point of view on the essay that you have written.Another thing that you should think about is the length of the essay. The size of the essay will determine how long it will take you to write. This can help to determine the number of topics that you have to write.Because it is important to be able to use your writing skills, you should always make sure that you practice writing on essay topics for middle school. By writing on topics that you know about, you will not only be aware of the topics that you should be writing about, but you will also be able to use them in your own papers. This means that you can prepare for all of the topics in advance and have a chance to practice on the essay before you even start writing it.Some people find that certain essay topics for middle school work better than others. For example, if you have a history subject that you know very well, this is a good idea. Make sure that y ou include this in the essay that you write for middle school. On the other hand, if you are a writer that enjoys writing, this might not be the best topic for you.It is important to remember that essay topics for middle school are not written in a particular order. In other words, you do not have to start with the most difficult topics first. You should always start with one or two easy topics that you have researched.If you are having a hard time with writing, you should look into some of the most interesting essay topics for middle school. By doing this, you will be able to make use of all of the resources that you have available to you in order to write an essay. This can help you be successful in your future endeavors.

Impact Of The Public Sector On National Welfare Services

Introduction â€Å"[M]ore than US$ 100 billion is spent globally on health research each year. About half of this is in the private sector†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (WHO 2013, p. 45). This statement in the report of World Health Organization (WHO) shows how important the public sector is in health policies and health researches nowadays. Since 1970, many reforms and changes in social policy have been brought up to respond to the increasing role of business demands in national policy (Farnsworth and Holden 2006). According to Farnsworth and Holden (2006), the shift of policy makers’ concerns to national competitiveness, the impact of globalisation, the influence of business concepts in the welfare management, and the introduction of the public sector in national welfare services are the main factors indicating how the corporate sector gains more influence in the policy process. To identify the corporate power in different levels of decision-making, Farnsworth and Holden (2006) suggest tha t the division between structure and agency will be beneficial for clarifying the variable aspects of corporate power in regards to the different in policy processes and areas. Alcohol industry, one of significant corporate sectors in global economy, is a very interesting industry in applying the division between structure and agency to analyse the increasing influence of the commercial sector in health policy. On the ground that the market share of alcohol industry based on top 10 companies had increased rapidly fromShow MoreRelatedChild Welfare Services Is A Social Work1740 Words   |  7 Pagesneglect in 2011 (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2012). The social work profession is filled with numerous areas of practice that include areas such as gerontological social work, military social work, and child welfare services which is the second largest area of social work and an area that many consider to be a highly rewarding yet a heart wrenching practice area. Child welfare services is a social work practice area that will service some of society’s most vulnerable and oppressedRead MoreImpact Of Economic Liberalisation On Livelihoods1597 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact Of Economic Liberalisation On Livelihoods In Nigeria Economic liberalization on livelihoods in Nigeria refers to how the decrease in government control, through deregulation and lesser restrictions in the economy to promote greater participation of private entities, serves as a means of securing the basic necessities of life i.e. food, water, shelter and clothing. This is done in an effort to encourage economic development through the doctrine is associated with classical liberalism. FollowingRead MoreImproving The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act 20101206 Words   |  5 Pagesvital role in the determination of whether a nation is striving towards maintaining and protecting its citizens. USA operates under the mixed market healthcare system whereby both the government and private sector play a role in the provision of health services. It is evident that the private sector plays a larger role than the government. The USA aims at attaining three forms of healthcare systems namely: single-payer, individual insurance mandates an d consumer-driven health. This research will focusRead MoreThe Correlation Between Dependent Variable And State Public Higher Education Appropriation957 Words   |  4 Pageseach variable Show Mean median†¦ Our methodology is built to examine the correlation between the dependent variable, state public higher education appropriation and the three independent variables, healthcare spending, social services spending and spending on political determinants, which were identified in our conceptual framework as it explains factors that affect state public higher education appropriation on 2015. The study is focusing on cross-sectional, secondary data for all 50 U.S states onRead MoreWhat Is The Healthcare And Public Health-Specific Plan743 Words   |  3 PagesHealthcare and Public Health Sector-Specific Plan Introduction Healthcare access is currently a hot topic within American media and under great political debate. The current Administration of this country is defunding and restructuring Healthcare and Public Health resouces as a whole. What happens when this critical infrastructure is in jeopardy of functioning as intended for the protection and welfare of this nations people in an emergency or disaster? The country depends on the stability and accessibilityRead MoreThe United Arab Emirates : Cultural Policies1631 Words   |  7 Pagescentered on oil, gas and tourism and also created stability and a name for itself in the modern world. To understand the power of the United Arab Emirates in the modern world, it is important to address the cultural policies of the UAE and analyze the impacts they have on its people and the rest of the world. Healthcare Healthcare in the UAE is making great progress, especially since one of their major industries is medical tourism. The UAE is made up of a lot of demographic groups belonging to a differentRead MoreSocial Policy: Definition, Concept, Source, Model Assumptions1440 Words   |  6 Pagesas a series of public policies designed to promote social development, undertaken by a variety of actors through a range of instruments. Social policy has both intrinsic and instrumental value; intrinsic in terms of creating equality of opportunity, and instrumental in terms of strengthening the legitimacy of public institutions and social integration. According to Levin (1997): SP refers to the practice of social intervention aimed at securing social change to promote the welfare and wellbeing ofRead MoreEconomics to Biodiversity989 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstand the cognitive as well the affective behaviour. If the process is implemented through an interdisciplinary approach, which will lead to positive attitudes, self confidence and personal commitment in order to protect the environment. The National Policy on Education, 1989 (NPE) states that, Protection of the Environment is a value that must form an integral part of student’s curriculum at all stages of education as well it states that: There is a paramount need to create a consciousnessRead More Entrepreneurship for Social Change Essay1304 Words   |  6 Pagesencourage and support sustainable social innovation? Introduction: Throughout U.S. history the nonprofit and government sectors have addressed needs that are not being met by the marketplace through the provision of a variety of social goods and services ranging from health and human services to environmental conservation. In response to increased demand for these services, the number of nonprofits has grown by 59% over the past 20 years (Powell and Steinberg, 2006; NCCS, 2010). There are nowRead MoreThe Development Project Implementation Report1486 Words   |  6 Pagescontinued in PHSC as it was headed by the same officials who were managing the previous system. Contrary to objective of increasing health financing, the government allocation to secondary level health services decreased from 25% (of total health expenditure) in 1994 to 19% in 2003.2 The Directorate of public enterprises and disivestment, Punjab in their policy for disinvestment (2002) recommended the winding up of Punjab health system corporation due to its inability to improve t he health scenario of

Is Abortion Morally Wrong - 867 Words

Ever since we were little, we experience some choice that we make individually. We are taught that most experiences we undergo is our choice. Unplanned pregnancies occur widespread throughout the world. America, unlike many other countries give you the opportunity to have an abortion rather than giving birth, and raising your child. An abortion can happen in practically two ways, the pill, which deteriorates the non-living fetus, or the physical way where doctors pull out the fetus with medical tongs. Parenting is having the child and raising them as your own till they are a legal adult at eighteen years old. The United States is quite divided on the topic, and choice of abortion. Nearly half think abortion is utterly wrong and should not be a choice at all, some say abortion is only okay in case of fetal birth or the fetus is a cause of rape, and half think abortion is a choice of the woman who s pregnant. Both options have pros and cons that come along with them, especially if the pregnancy was unplanned. Everyone has an opinion on unplanned pregnancy options, but because of living conditions, mental stability, and traumatizing events like rape, your decision should stay your choice excluding all other opinions. One tactic of choosing between parenting and abortion is the price they come along with. If you choose to have an abortion you’re looking to spend five hundred to two thousand dollars on either the pill or the removal and any visits you have to the doctorShow MoreRelatedIs Abortion Morally Wrong?1397 Words   |  6 PagesAbortion is viewed as an ethical issue worldwide as it has many debates which causes question: Should it be considered morally ethical or not? Should it be legal or illegal? Is it wrong, is it, right? In addition to multiple theories: Beliefs, Morality, Logic, Science and many others. Some argue that abortion is morally wrong because it has a right to life. While the opposing view believe that its morally correct because it holds no right to life. The text â€Å"The Deliberately Induced Abortion ofRead MoreAbortion Is Morally Wrong Or Not? Essay1234 Words   |  5 Pages230 abortion restrictions enacted by states in the US. In 2016 alone, there has been 1,256 provisions relating to sexual and reproductive health and rights. Of these 1,256, 445 provisions attempted to restrict access to abortion services (Nas, E., Benson Gold, R., Ansari-Thomas, Z., Cappello, O., Mohammed, L., 2016). Women’s rights as a human and as a US citizen are being violated through these restrictions. There is currently a strong disagreement in the US as to whether abortion is morally wrongRead MoreAbortion Is Morally Wrong?1682 Words   |  7 PagesAbortion is the termination of a pregnancy by removal of the fetus from the mother’s womb. It is estimated that there are 30-40 million abortions conducted a year (Trupin). Abortions have been legal in the United States since the Supreme Court’s decision in the 1973 Roe v. Wade case, however there is still a major controversy surrounding abortion as to whether or not abortions are morally acceptable. While some argue that abortion is morally impermissible, as it involves the killing of a fetus, othersRead MoreIs Abortion Morally Wrong?1704 Words   |  7 Pagessociety is how the legalities apply to the process of abortion. In this debate, most people usually connect with either the â€Å"pro-life† argument, or the â€Å"pro-choice† argument. Before developing a position, it is important to understand both sides of the argument and weigh the consequences of each. The common ground between the two is often mistaken, making it difficult for people to find their position. People who support banishing legal abortions are usually referred to as â€Å"pro-lifers.† They usuallyRead MoreAbortion Is Morally Wrong?1206 Words   |  5 PagesAbortion is one of the most divisive, controversial issues in today’s culture. Generally, there are two main stances one may take regarding the issue. However, many people hold views that are less extreme and do not favor one position or the other. One philosopher, Don Marquis, is against abortion in his essay, â€Å"Why Abortion is Immoral.† He opens his paper with the statement that the view of abortion as seriously immoral has not received much support, while the anti-abortion position is supportedRead MoreIs Abortion Morally Wrong? Essay1372 Words   |  6 Pagesten of these end in abortion† (Guttmacher Institute). Although today the United States is split among many controversial issues, one of the most disputed controversies is abortion, which has taken our country by storm over the last decade. As more and more unexpected pregnancies are occurring, many women find themselves faced with the financial and social burdens of potentially raising a child. Helpless and faced with a life- changing dilemma, these women turn to abortion as their only choiceRead MoreAbortion Is Morally Wrong?2405 Words   |  10 Pages Introduction We can all agree that abortion is a controversial issue debated in our society today, especially in Texas, which is one of the most conservative’s states in the nation. Some people argue that abortion is morally wrong, because it has to do with ending a life which, according proponents begins at conception, not at birth. Others contest that it is a woman s constitutional right to make reproductive decisions, particularly in situations of rape, incest, and health risks. In this paperRead MoreIs Abortion Morally Wrong?3071 Words   |  13 Pages Abortion -Final Mariel Timothy Howard University October 2014 Abortion, according to dictionary.com (2014) is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy. When it comes to abortion many ethical issues, and questions become a great concern. Some questions of great concern are: is abortion morally wrong? Should abortion be illegal? Is the fetus an innocent person? What’s the right of the motherRead MoreWhy abortion is morally wrong1412 Words   |  6 Pagesyou slice it, abortion is morally wrong. Although that should not be misinterpreted for a pro-life stance on abortion because there are numerous circumstances that must be considered in each situation. Just because abortion is morally impermissible, it does not mean that society will deem you a bad person for getting an abortion under extreme circumstances. For that reason, abortion is a specifically tricky topic to discuss. There is no clear-cut answer as to whether or not abortion should be allowedRead MoreWhy Abortion Is Morally Wrong1559 Words   |  7 PagesIMPORTANCE OF THE TOPIC: The morality of abortion is a topic that has long been discussed by both those for and against the act. Until 1972 when the Supreme Court case of Roe v. Wade made abortion legal in all 50 states, the act of getting an abortion was illegal in many states. Both sides of the moral arguments explain the reasoning behind their arguments. The moral question is if the act of getting an abortion is the same as murdering another human being. YES ARGUMENT PATRICK LEE AND ROBERT P

Report on Therapeutic Cloning - 1109 Words

Argumentative Paper - Therapeutic Cloning A sheep named Dolly is the first thing to come to mind when the term cloning arises. Everyone remembers the hoopla or has read of the hoopla that surrounded the birth and survival of the first successfully cloned animal. This is because cloning, to some, is a questionable practice at best. In general terms, cloning is the replication of another animal. It is a process whereby an identical twin is created in a lab. However, cloning is not limited to replicating animals. After all, it starts with the simple replication of one cell. It is these cells that are used in therapeutic cloning. To many, this scientific process and its results is the stuff of sci-fi movies and quite frightening. To others, it is morally reprehensible and unethical if not downright illegal. Yet, to those who are gravely ill and grasping for life through the latest scientific methods to sustain their life or improve a life which has been made unbearable through disease or an accident, it is a miracle. Initially, it is important to understand the different types of cloning. They include DNA cloning, therapeutic cloning, and reproductive cloning. In laymans terms, DNA cloning is the replication of specific DNA fragments. Reproductive cloning is the creation of an exact replica of an organism (plant or animal). Therapeutic cloning is the process of replicating identical cells from an individual. Scientifically, DNA cloning is described by the Human GenomeShow MoreRelated Reproductive and Therapeutic Cloning Essay example1484 Words   |  6 PagesReproductive and Therapeutic Cloning Cloning is defined as the â€Å"creation of an exact copy of a living matter, such as a cell or organism† according to Encarta encyclopedia. The copies produced through cloning have identical genetic makeup and are known as clones. Scientists use cloning techniques in the laboratory to create copies of cells or organisms with valuable traits. Cloning is a controversial topic because new areas of science often raise questions about safety. Early experimentRead MoreCloning Pros And Cons Of Cloning1147 Words   |  5 Pages Cloning Pros Cons Nicole Hedrick Baker College HSC 402A /Dr. Eric Oestmann/Seminar Two Position/Argument Essayâ€Æ' Abstract A clone is where two organisms share the same exact DNA. These two organisms are the same identical replica of each other. In the past, cloning has taken place naturally. For instance, a couple who naturally conceived and gave birth to identical twins or triplets. Today, science and technology has been introduced to where cloning can intentionally be done. Some peopleRead MorePros And Cons Of Cloning909 Words   |  4 PagesFor quite some time, cloning has been a largely debated topic in society. Most people in the U.S. feel like cloning is morally wrong and takes innocent lives, but others think that it is beneficial and could be a big advancement in modern science. Cloning to produce humans has been outlawed in most countries, but in some, cloning for therapeutic reasons is still a dispute. Cloning can lead to revolutionary medical treatments such as cures for cancer, diabetes, Parkinsons, Alzheimers, MultipleRead More Cloning: What is the right thing to do? Essay1362 Words   |  6 Pages Multiple Source Essay Cloning: What is the Right thing to do? Cloning offers many applications, especially in medicine, however, in spite of the many advantages, many people still consider the idea of human cloning, and the practice of cloning all together to be immoral. This opinion is rarely based on a careful analysis of facts, often only a spontaneous reaction. Cloning technology has potential for doing much good, research in human cloning should continue, although some applications of itRead MoreEssay about To Clone or not to Clone:1703 Words   |  7 PagesHuman cloning is an extremely experimental and volatile area of scientific research with dubious and highly unethical results to date. Human cloning should not be performed by any means because it is highly likely it will create living beings not as they are intended to be produced. Rather, the results will be living beings which were created in an unnatural, man-directed way created by human choice. By acting this way, cloning gives people the power to play God. Human cloning generally has threeRead MoreThe Abortion Of Stem Cell Research1627 Words   |  7 Pagesa problem we are faced with in today’s society; the destruction of children for the use of stem cell research, the use of embryonic cells, and cloning. There are several laws that restrict, but don’t completely ban advancements on the use of aborted fetuses for stem cell research. Closely related to stem cell research from embryonic cells is human cloning, which is in most states is not governmentally funded or is illegal. Lives of innocent children that are yet to even have a voice are lost everyRead More Stem Cells Should Not Be Used Therapeutically Essays826 Words   |  4 Pagesfetuses for their stem cells. Scientists want to clone human embryos, and use the stem cells long before the embryo matures (when it is only about 36 cells). This causes a large amount of unease in society, because people fear that stem cells and therapeutic cloning will lead us into disgusting and horrible experimental practices, as well as therapies. Most people in America do not want this horrible vision of the future to come true, so they want all stem cell technology and research banned. PeopleRead MoreNuclear Transfer And Its Effect On The Body Of A Surrogate Mother1355 Words   |  6 Pagesseparated from the embryo mass, the cell is encased in its own protective synthetic layer. Each blastomere cell, is now considered a new separate embryo and is cultured in vitro and later in vivo in a surrogate mother until birth (Roberge, 2004). Cloning by nuclear transfer is based on the concept that the animal’s genome is located in the cell nucleus. The only exception to this is the small amount of DNA of 16, 000 base pairs found in the mitochondria. In this process the genetic material from oneRead More Embryonic vs. Adult Stem Cells in Research Essay1615 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States Senate to outlaw human cloning (S.790). Indeed, the New York Times and Washington Post consider embryonic-stem-cell research so important - including the manufacture and use of human-clone embryos in such experiments - that both have repeatedly editorialized in favor of turning the throttle full-speed ahead on this immoral endeavor. Yet, when the potentially crucial discovery of an adult cell that could make embryonic destruction and therapeutic cloning unnecessary comes to light - andRead MoreEssay on Organ Donation1638 Words   |  7 Pages000 people waiting for an organ transplant. The demand for donation far exceeds the supply. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services reports that the donor waiting list has doubled in the last 10years (Clemmons, 2009). Why then are we not doing more to solve this problem? There are some alternatives to donation. Alternatives include, Therapeutic Cloning, Xenotransplation, selling of organs, and atrificial organs in the future. Organ donation is the only legal way to procure an organ for transplant

Second-hand Smoking in the Home with Children

Question: Describe about second-hand smoking in the home with children? Answer: Involuntary inhalation of second-hand smoke in homes exposes children to some health risks. The second-hand smoke contains several carcinogenic compounds and makes the environment in which children live and play saturated with toxic substances because the adults are sharing the living space smoke indoors and cause exposure to tobacco smoke. According to US Environment Protection Agency, no levels of tobacco smoke are safe for human beings. The World Health Organisation estimates that half of the world's children suffer from exposure to second-hand smoking at home. Exposure increases risk of respiratory tract infections, middle ear inflammation, and affects lung function. Sudden infant death syndrome, asthma and bronchitis are also due to second-hand smoke exposure in homes. The exposure is particularly severe among infants and young children because they remain at home most of the time. Efforts are being made to intervene and counsel parents who smoke at home to limit exposure to smoke. A study in Armenia assessed the effect of counselling interventions that motivated parents to prevent the inhalation of second-hand smoke by children, mothers and one daily smoking family member was counselled and two follow-up telephonic counselling calls were made. The smoking members were motivated to reduce or quit smoking. The air quality in their homes was assessed, the concentration of nicotine was measured in the children's hair samples. The study concluded that the intervention was effective in reducing the children's exposure to second-hand smoke (Harutyunyan, 2013). Due to a ban on smoking in public spaces and work places, homes and cars are the private spaces where regulation of second-hand smoke is ineffective. But courts are known to favour granting custody of children with respiratory illnesses based on the risk of second-hand smoke exposure to the child. American law now requires foster homes to be free of smoke. (Jarvie, 2008). An increasing number of children in Wales reported that smoking in cars and homes has declined. This change was observed following a 2008 legislation that banned smoking in public spaces (Moore, 2015). In a case study, the author has questioned why repeated exposure to second-hand smoke that puts a child to considerable health risks rather be treated as a case of child abuse. With the parents and family showing little interest in smoking cessation children can end up in intensive care units choking due to repeated exposure (Goldstein, 2015). A review of fifty seven studies motivational interventions to help parents of young children to attempt cessation tried to determine the effectiveness of such programs. The review included studies that employed a range of interventions. Fourteen studies intervened through extensive counselling, nine studies gave brief counselling to parents, two employed telephonic counselling for smoking cessation, eight studies intervened through visits to residences and six studies measured biological parameters to assess the extent of exposure to children. Studies varied on whether participant families had children with illness or without any illness. Whether the children were healthy or unwell, the impact of counselling was same. Effectiveness of a particular method could not be proven as effective in reducing children's exposure to tobacco smoke although some effect on reduced exposure was reported in 7 studies (Baxi, 2014). In a study, an intervention by children's nurses was done to encourage parents to quit smoking to lower the children's risk of tobacco smoke exposure. The validated tool of SiCET (Smoking in children's environment test) for the study in Sweden was employed. Families from lower socioeconomic backgrounds were part of research. Smoking through water pipes for one-hour releases smoke equal to 4 cigarettes, the smoke also contains higher levels of carbon monoxide. Nurses usually find it difficult to start a conversation about smoking, but the SiCET tool equips them to make a discussion with parents about protecting their children from second-hand smoke in the home environment. The fact that the tool is validated gives the nurse and the parents more confidence while discussing smoking cessation or altering smoking behaviour so that exposure to children is minimum. The main objectives of the counselling were to explore the possibility of smoking cessation or altering the smoking behaviour, which meant that the smoking activity took place outdoors to protect the child from second-hand smoke (Carisson, 2011). Nurses can initiate a low-intensity programme for smoking cessation by fathers during visits of children suffering from an illness to a paediatric facility with non-smoking mothers. The latter can in such cases can be helped to promote smoking cessation by their husbands. A large randomised control trial, 1483 non-smoking mothers in Hong Kong, received counselling from nurses. 76% of women in the intervention group helped their husbands to quit smoking than the 65% women in the control group. Their knowledge about the hazardous effects of smoking on children's health equipped them better to convince their husbands to stop smoking. (Chen, 2013). There are instances where family members other than parents are smokers, such as grandparents. In such a scenario the parents are aware and want to protect the child from harm, but since it is a sensitive issue, they do not know how to go about it. Nurses can in certain cases such as these suggest ways, methods and means to handle the issue which may bring about the possible respite to children from second-hand smoke in the home environment. Since homes are private spaces, it is difficult to ban smoking through legislation. However, some governments are considering a ban on smoking in cars where children are travelling with adults and are also private spaces. Smoke-free homes are ideal for bringing up children. As the legislation against smoking in public and work spaces has caused some people to quit smoking, safeguarding kids from the effects of smoking at home may also help parents to quit smoking. Smoke-free home environments for infants and young children have been the focus of several studies. A review of studies on interventions carried out from 2000 to 2014 analysed parents who were counselled to stop smoking and their new born to one-year-old children were part of most of these studies. The parents were more likely to alter smoking behaviour to reduce the child's exposure are more likely than to achieve total cessation. When children are living with asthma they can possibly die if the parents' smoking behaviour does not change. Even third-hand smoke (toxic remnants of tobacco smoke on clothes, hair and other surfaces) is deleterious to the health of children. Growing children with parents who smoke are more likely to start smoking as adolescents. When both parents are smokers the likelihood of such impact on behaviour is considerably higher (Brown, 2015). Conclusion The harmful effects of passive smoking and second-hand smoke on children' s health are manifold. From respiratory problems to behavioural impact, smoking with-in- the- home environments is found to have serious consequences concerning the physical and mental health of growing children. The point of contact of parents with nurses offers ample chance for the nurse to intervene and make provision to follow-up the motivation for parents so that they can stop smoking or, at least, alter their behaviour and smoke outdoors. A suffering child can create an adequate impact on parental smoking behaviour if the paediatric nurse intervenes at the right juncture. The nursing staff educates about the actual harm that second-hand smoke can cause. Intervention can be done through counselling, telephonic follow-ups, pamphlets, books and videos. References: Baxi, R., Sharma, M., Roseby, R., Polnay, A., Priest, N., Waters, E., Spence, N. Webster, P. (2014). Family and carer smoking control programmes for reducing children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. Cochrane database systemic review, 3, CD001746. Brown, N., Luckett, T., Davidson, P.M., Giacomo, M.D. (2015). Interventions to Reduce Harm from Smoking with Families in Infancy and Early Childhood: A Systematic Review. International journal for environmental research and public health, 12(3), 30913119. Carisson, N. A., Alegahan, S., Gare, B.A., Johansson, A., (2011). "Smoking in Children's Environment Test": a qualitative study of experiences of a new instrument applied in preventive work in child health care. BMC Pediatrics, 11(113). Chen, S.S., Wong, D.C.N., Lam, T.-H. (2013). Will mothers of sick children help their husbands to stop smoking after receiving a brief intervention from nurses? Secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. BMC Pediatrics, 13(50), 13: 50. Goldstein, A. (2015). Is Exposure to Secondhand Smoke Child Abuse? Yes. Annals of family medicine, 13(2), 103104. Harutyunyan, A., Movsisyan, N., Petrosyan, V., Petrosyan, D., Stillman, F. (2013). Reducing Childrens Exposure to Secondhand Smoke at Home: A Randomized Trial. Pediatrics, 132(6), 1071-80. Jarvie, J. A., Malone, R.V. (2008). Children's Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Private Homes and Cars: An Ethical Analysis. American journal of public health, 98(12), 21402145. Moore, G.A., Moore, L., Littlecott, H.J., Ahmed, N., Lewis, S., Sulley, G., Jones, E., Holliday, J. (2015). Prevalence of smoking restrictions and child exposure to secondhand smoke in cars and homes: a repeated cross-sectional survey of children aged 10-11 years in Wales. BMJ Open, 5(1), e006914.